长难句拆解 · 章节测
- 适用：学完 长难句拆解 后的全覆盖练习
- 题量：15 句，从易到难排列；建议计时 40-50 分钟
- 做法要求：每句按五步法写出主干（S + V + O）与译文，再对照文末参考拆解。只看懂不算完成，落笔才算
- 全部例句为模拟题（真题风格自编句，不与任何真题原文重合）
- 错题请登记进 00-错题本，关联考点从"词义/结构/逻辑/搭配"中选
题目
第 1 题（考查结构：定语从句链；难度：易）
The manager who approved the budget refused to explain the decision that he had made in private.
第 2 题（考查结构：宾语从句 + 动名词主语；难度：易）
Many voters believe that lowering taxes without cutting spending will only deepen the deficit.
第 3 题（考查结构：插入分隔 + 同位语从句；难度：易）
The survey, conducted among 2,000 households, supports the conclusion that saving rates are falling across all age groups.
第 4 题（考查结构：时间状语从句 + by doing 方式状语；难度：易）
When demand collapses faster than supply, producers usually respond by cutting output rather than by slashing prices.
第 5 题（考查结构：what 主语从句 + not...but 并列；难度：易）
What matters in the long run is not the noise of daily headlines but the slow shift in underlying fundamentals.
第 6 题（考查结构：whose 定语从句；难度：中）
The researcher whose paper sparked the debate has since distanced herself from the way her findings were being used.
第 7 题（考查结构：分词状语 + 非限定性定语从句；难度：中）
Frustrated by the slow response, several states sued the agency, which had delayed the rule for nearly two years.
第 8 题（考查结构：Only 部分倒装 + 宾语从句；难度：中）
Only after the accident did the operators admit that they had bypassed several safety checks to meet the deadline.
第 9 题（考查结构：同位语从句 + 插入语分隔；难度：中）
The belief that markets can correct themselves, however deep-rooted, has been shaken by every major crisis of the past century.
第 10 题（考查结构：However 让步状语从句；难度：中）
However carefully the committee words its findings, someone will read them as an endorsement of the very practices it criticizes.
第 11 题（考查结构：with 复合结构 + 省略关系词的定语从句；难度：中）
With its cash reserves shrinking and its credit line frozen, the startup accepted terms it could barely afford.
第 12 题（考查结构：完全倒装 + 定语从句；难度：难）
Buried in the appendix was the one calculation that would eventually overturn the committee's conclusions.
第 13 题（考查结构：主语从句内嵌定语从句；难度：难）
That those who complain loudest about the shortage have done the least to fix it is a pattern repeated across the industry.
第 14 题（考查结构：what 主语从句 + 并列表语 + 分隔定语；难度：难）
What separates a durable reform from a fashionable one is not the elegance of its design but the willingness of its sponsors to defend it when costs arrive.
第 15 题（考查结构：虚拟倒装 + 同位语 + 综合嵌套；难度：难）
Were the trend to continue at its current pace, skills that once took a decade to master could become obsolete within a year — a prospect no previous generation of engineers had to face.
参考拆解与译文
第 1 题（考点：定语从句链；难度：易；错因提醒：第二个 that 在从句中作 made 的宾语，是定语从句而非同位语从句）
- 主干：The manager refused to explain the decision
- 结构：who approved the budget 修饰 manager；that he had made in private 修饰 decision（that 作成分 → 定语从句）
- 译文：批准预算的那位经理拒绝解释他私下做出的这项决定。
第 2 题（考点：宾语从句 + 动名词主语；难度：易；错因提醒：动名词短语作主语按单数处理，谓语 will deepen 挂在动名词上而非 voters 上）
- 主干：Many voters believe that...
- 结构：that 从句内部，lowering taxes without cutting spending 动名词短语作主语，will deepen 谓语
- 译文：许多选民认为，不减开支而单纯减税只会加深赤字。
第 3 题（考点：插入分隔 + 同位语从句；难度：易；错因提醒：conclusion 是抽象名词且 that 后句子成分完整 → 同位语从句）
- 主干：The survey supports the conclusion
- 结构：conducted among 2,000 households 插入分隔主谓（= which was conducted）；that saving rates are falling... 是 conclusion 的同位语从句
- 译文：这项面向 2000 个家庭的调查支持如下结论：各年龄段人群的储蓄率都在下降。
第 4 题（考点：时间状语从句 + 方式状语；难度：易；错因提醒：rather than 并列的是两个 by doing，不是并列两个谓语）
- 主干：producers respond
- 结构：When...supply 时间状语从句；by cutting / by slashing 由 rather than 并列
- 译文：当需求比供给崩溃得更快时，生产者的对策通常是减产，而非大幅降价。
第 5 题（考点：what 主语从句 + not...but；难度：易；错因提醒：not...but 并列两个表语，系动词 is 单数因主语是从句）
- 主干：What matters is not A but B
- 结构：What matters 主语从句（what 作 matters 主语）；not the noise... but the slow shift... 并列表语
- 译文：长远来看，重要的不是每日头条的喧嚣，而是底层基本面的缓慢变化。
第 6 题（考点：whose 定语从句；难度：中；错因提醒：herself 指代 researcher；the way 后省略了 in which / that）
- 主干：The researcher has distanced herself
- 结构：whose paper sparked the debate 修饰 researcher；from the way (that) her findings were being used 中 the way 挂省略关系词的定语从句，were being used 过去进行被动
- 译文：那位因论文引发争论的研究者，此后刻意与旁人使用其结论的方式保持了距离。
第 7 题（考点：分词状语 + 非限定性定语从句；难度：中；错因提醒：Frustrated 的逻辑主语是 states；非限定从句翻译拆句）
- 主干：several states sued the agency
- 结构：Frustrated by the slow response 过去分词作原因状语；which had delayed the rule... 非限定性定语从句修饰 agency
- 译文：由于不满迟缓的回应，几个州起诉了该机构——后者已将这项规定的出台拖了近两年。
第 8 题（考点：Only 部分倒装；难度：中；错因提醒：先卸倒装还原 the operators did admit，再翻译）
- 主干（还原后）：the operators did not admit that... until after the accident
- 结构：Only after the accident 前置触发部分倒装 did the operators admit；that they had bypassed... 宾语从句，to meet the deadline 不定式作目的状语
- 译文：直到事故发生之后，操作人员才承认，为了赶工期他们绕过了好几道安全检查。
第 9 题（考点：同位语从句 + 插入分隔；难度：中；错因提醒：however deep-rooted 是插入语，别把它误当 belief 的修饰就乱了主干）
- 主干：The belief has been shaken
- 结构：that markets can correct themselves 是 belief 的同位语从句；however deep-rooted 插入分隔主谓；by every major crisis... 被动结构施动者
- 译文："市场能自我修正"这一信念——无论多么根深蒂固——在过去一个世纪的每一次重大危机中都受到了动摇。
第 10 题（考点：However 让步从句；难度：中；错因提醒：as an endorsement of the very practices it criticizes 中 it criticizes 是 practices 后省略关系词的定语从句，嵌套在宾补里）
- 主干：someone will read them as an endorsement
- 结构：However carefully... words its findings 让步状语从句（However + adv + S + V）；them 指代 findings；the very practices (that) it criticizes 定语从句
- 译文：无论委员会措辞多么谨慎，总有人会把结论解读为对它所批评的那些做法的认可。
第 11 题（考点：with 复合结构；难度：中；错因提醒：with 复合结构是独立主格的介词版，两个并列（reserves shrinking / line frozen）别拆错）
- 主干：the startup accepted terms
- 结构：With its cash reserves shrinking and its credit line frozen 独立结构作原因状语；terms (that) it could barely afford 省略关系词的定语从句
- 译文：现金储备不断缩水、信贷额度又被冻结，这家初创公司只得接受了它几乎负担不起的条件。
第 12 题（考点：完全倒装；难度：难；错因提醒：Buried in the appendix 是地点/状态介短 + 过去分词前置，主语是 the one calculation 而非 appendix）
- 主干（还原后）：The one calculation was buried in the appendix
- 结构：完全倒装 Buried in the appendix was the one calculation；that would eventually overturn... 限定性定语从句修饰 calculation
- 译文：埋在附录里的，正是那一项最终推翻了委员会结论的计算。
第 13 题（考点：主语从句内嵌定语从句；难度：难；错因提醒：全句主语是 That 从句；从句内 those 是主语，who complain loudest 又是 those 的定语从句，三层嵌套）
- 主干：That... is a pattern
- 结构：主语从句 That those (who complain loudest about the shortage) have done the least to fix it；who complain... 修饰 those；repeated across the industry 过去分词作 pattern 的后置定语
- 译文：对人才短缺抱怨最凶的人恰恰为解决它出力最少——这是整个行业反复出现的模式。
第 14 题（考点：what 主语从句 + 并列表语 + 分隔定语；难度：难；错因提醒：to defend it... 不定式是 willingness 的后置定语，与被 of its sponsors 分隔；when costs arrive 是时间状语从句挂在 defend 上）
- 主干：What separates A from B is not C but D
- 结构：What separates... 主语从句；not the elegance... but the willingness... 并列表语；to defend it 不定式定语（被 of its sponsors 分隔）；when costs arrive 时间从句
- 译文：区分一项经得起时间的改革与一阵时髦风潮的，不是设计的精巧，而是推动者在代价到来时捍卫它的意愿。
第 15 题（考点：虚拟倒装 + 同位语；难度：难；错因提醒：Were the trend to continue = If the trend were to continue，省略 if 的虚拟倒装；破折号后 a prospect... 是整句的同位语，其中 no previous generation... 是省略关系词的定语从句）
- 主干（还原后）：skills could become obsolete within a year
- 结构：Were the trend to continue 虚拟条件倒装；that once took a decade to master 定语从句修饰 skills；a prospect (that) no previous generation of engineers had to face 破折号同位语
- 译文：倘若这一趋势照当前速度延续，曾经需要十年才能精通的技能可能在一年内被淘汰——这是此前任何一代工程师都未曾面对的前景。
错题登记提醒
完成批改后，将错误句子登记到 00-错题本：错因按"概念不清 / 审题偏差 / 技巧缺失"归类（英语科目一般不涉及计算失误），关联考点填"结构"为主。登记满 5 条后，建议向协调者申请一次定向测（换句式重复同考点）。